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Gradually, a complex picture emerged of a spiral galaxy that appears quite ordinary.Īt the center of the Milky Way sits a supermassive black hole called Sagittarius A*. (The Oort Cloud, a repository of trillions of comets far from the sun, was named after him.) It also was Oort who determined the position of our sun in the vast galaxy.
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The process involved building catalogs of stars, charting their positions in the sky and determining how far from Earth they are.ĭutch astronomer Jan Oort, sometimes dubbed the master of the galactic system, was the first to realize that the Milky Way isn't motionless but rotates, and he calculated speeds at which stars at various distances orbit around the galactic center. But reconstructing the shape and structure of our own galactic home was slow and tedious. Improving telescope technology enabled astronomers to distinguish the basic shape and structure of some of the closest galaxies before they knew they were looking at galaxies. Our Milky Way galaxy is about 100,000 light-years across and is a spiral galaxy in structure.
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Since then, astronomers have learned that Andromeda will one day bring about the end of our galaxy as we know it when the two collide some 4 to 5 billion years from now. But Hubble's observations proved that Andromeda was much too far away and was, in fact, a galaxy on its own, just like the Milky Way. This fuzzy object, known since the 18th century, was originally thought to be just a different kind of star in the Milky Way.
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Up until then, most believed the Milky Way and the universe were one.Īmerican astronomer Edwin Hubble, the one in whose honor the famous space telescope was named, cracked the mystery when he managed to determine the distance of the Andromeda nebula.
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But it wasn't until the 1920s that astronomers realized that the Milky Way is only one of many galaxies populating the universe. Attempts to chart the galaxy date back to ancient Greece. Some astronomers refer to our two galaxy as a binary system of giant spirals.Visible in the night sky (where light pollution permits) as a mesmerizing glowing band of stars and dust, the Milky Way has fascinated humans for millennia. Our galaxy will collide with Andromeda Galaxy in about 5 billion years.This constant rate for all stars at different distances from the core implies the existence of a shell of dark matter surrounding our galaxy. The stars, gas and dust of the Milky Way all orbit the centre at a rate of about 220 kilometres per second.It contains the mass of about 4.3 million Suns. It is commonly referred to as Sagittarius A*. The Milky Way’s central core contains a supermassive black hole.The Milky Way moves through space at a velocity of about 552 kilometres per second (343 miles per second) with respect to the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation.It is currently acquiring stars from a very small galaxy called the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal, as well as gobbling up material from the Magellanic Clouds. The Milky Way has grown by merging with other galaxies through time.They are among the oldest stars formed in the Milky Way region. The first stars to form were in globular clusters that still exist.
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